Durante o tratamento para tuberculose (TB) um dos efeitos adversos mais graves é a hepatite induzida por drogas (ATD) que tem sido associada a mutações nos genes que codificam as enzimas metabolizadoras destas drogas. A terapia de seis meses é composta por isoniazida, (INH), rifampicina (RMP), pirazinamida (PZA) e etambutol (EMB). N-acetiltransferase 2 (NAT2), citocromo P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) e glutationa-S-transferase (loci GSTM1 e GSTT1) estão envolvidos no metabolismo da isoniazida, o fármaco mais tóxico no tratamento da TB. Este estudo foi desenhado para estimar a frequência dos polimorfismos nos genes CYP2E1, GSTM1 e GSTT1 que estão relacionados com a resposta à essas drogas, e também identificar fatores clínicos de risco para ATD. Foram incluídos no estudo 245 pacientes brasileiros em tratamento para TB que foram genotipados utilizando a reação em cadeia de polímeras e sequenciamento dos polimorfismos. As frequências de alelos polimórficos CYP2E1 Rsal, Dral e PstIencontradas forame 8%, 8,5% e 12%, respectivamente. Os genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 estão ausentes em 42,9% e 12,4% da população, respectivamente. Quinze pacientes (6,1%) desenvolveram hepatotoxicidade. As características clínicas (HIV, sexo feminino e TB extrapulmonar) e NAT2 perfil de acetilação lenta estão em maior risco de ATD nesta população. Genótipo para GSTM1 e GSTT1 não mostrou nenhuma influência na resposta à droga.

Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis (ATD- induced hepatitis) has been linked to polymorphisms in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase (loci GSTM1 and GSTT1) are involved in the metabolism of isoniazid, the most toxic drug for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). This study was designed to determine the frequency and to evaluate whether polymorphisms at CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are associated with drug response, as well as to identify clinical risk factors for ATD-induced hepatitis. A total of 245 Brazilian patients undergoing treatment for TB were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. The frequencies of the CYP2E1 polymorphic alleles RsaI, PstI and DraI are 8%, 8.5% and 12%, respectively. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are deleted in 42.9% and 12.4% of the population, respectively. Fifteen patients (6.1%) developed hepatotoxicity. Clinical (HIV, female sex and extrapulmonary TB) and genetic characteristics (CYP2E1 without any mutations, having NAT2 slow acetylator profile) are at higher risk of developing ATD-induced hepatitis in this population. Genotyping for GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed no influence on drug response.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of the FTA elute cardTM impregnated with cervicovaginal sample directly in the PCR amplification for detection of HPV-DNA. The results were compared to a reference technique. This method was more efficient than the protocol indicated by the manufacturer, identifying 91.7% against 54.2% of the positive samples.

We used a colorimetric reverse dot blot hybridization (CRDH) assay to detect the presence of mutations in a specific region of the rpoB gene, associated with rifampin (RIF) resistance, in a panel of 156 DNAs extracted from 103 RIF-sensitive and 53 RIF-resistant cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When compared with the antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST), the sensitivity and specificity of the CRDH were 92.3% and 98.1%, respectively. When compared with sequencing, the sensitivity and specificity of the CRDH were 90.6% and 100%, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the assay directly in clinical specimens, 30 samples from tuberculosis patients were used. For these samples, the results of the CRDH were 100% consistent with the results of the AST and sequencing. These results indicate that the rate of concordance of the CRDH is high when compared to conventional methods and sequencing data. The CRDH can be successfully applied when a rapid test is required for the identification of RIF resistance in M. tuberculosis.